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顯示包含「事業.工作」標籤的文章。顯示所有文章

2007/04/09

Manager Tools

I think I have recommended this one before - Manager Tools. Try to download a few podcasts and see if you like it. You will be tired of reading too much English so listening to the podcasts could be a relief. The topics are quite relevant for us who are taking more and more responsibilities as a manager / senior.


Enjoy and let us know how you feel.

2007/03/10

見工時要小心:出賣你的身體語言

It's Not Your Mouth That Speaks Volumes
Stance, gestures, and eye contact are all essential to effective presentation, whether for public speaking or a job interview
by Carmine Gallo
www.businessweek.com

Let's say you're all set for your big interview—the one you're confident will change your career. You know you can wow the person across the desk with your accomplishments. Or you're ready to give the presentation that reflects months of hard work and success. But before you even open your mouth, the rest of your body has already spoken volumes.

What does your body language say? Does it say you're confident, smart, and enthusiastic—or just the opposite?

Only a small percentage of communication involves actual words: 7%, to be exact. In fact, 55% of communication is visual (body language, eye contact) and 38% is vocal (pitch, speed, volume, tone of voice). The world's best business communicators have strong body language: a commanding presence that reflects confidence, competence, and charisma.

More Than Words

One problem with body language is it may not convey what you really feel. For example, keeping your hands stiffly by your side or stuck in your pockets can give the impression that you're insecure—whether you are or not.

Avoiding looking at people—maybe simply because you're too busy consulting your notes or your résumé—can lead people to think you're being less than honest with them. You may be slouching because you're tired, but people may read it as a sign that you're not interested.

Conversely, strong and effective body language can help establish an immediate rapport with your audience, signaling confidence in your message. Look at photographs of Ronald Reagan. He carried himself impeccably even on the back of a horse at his ranch. He had an aura of confidence, optimism and power.

The Eyes Have It

People want to feel special. They want to feel as though you are speaking to them directly or that they are the most important person in the room during your conversation. Breaking eye contact is a surefire way to break the connection.

During presentations, mentally split the room into thirds. Address some of your comments to one side of the room, turn your attention to the middle, and then look to the last section. Pick out one person in each section and direct your comments toward that person. The people surrounding that person will think you are making direct eye contact with them.

Maintaining eye contact throughout your presentation requires preparation. The material on your slide should be committed to memory; otherwise you will be stuck reading instead of connecting. Make sure you know what's in your résumé or notes so you're not constantly referring to them.

Don't let anything come between you and your listeners. Crossing your arms, standing behind a podium or chair, or talking to someone from behind a computer monitor are all examples of blocking, which prevents a real connection from taking place.

Think openness. Remove physical barriers—podiums, computers, chairs. Even a folder on a desk can break the connection and create distance.

Animate Yourself

When you're speaking, let your hands do some of the talking. Great speakers use hand gestures more than on average. A professor who studies body language once told me that complex gestures—two hands above the waist—reflect complex thinking. Gestures give the listener confidence in the speaker.

Try this: Watch people such as Bill Clinton, Colin Powell, Barack Obama, Tony Blair or any number of charismatic speakers. You will immediately begin to notice that they punctuate nearly every sentence with a hand gesture. C-SPAN carries weekly debates between British Prime Minister Blair and members of the House of Commons. Watch it once and you will never doubt the importance of effective hand gestures.

And move the rest of your body, too. Great speakers move around the room, pointing to a slide instead of reading from it, placing their hands on someone's shoulders instead of keeping their distance. Don't animate your slides—animate your body!

Stand—or sit—tall. Poor posture is often associated with a lack of confidence or a lack of engagement or interest. For example, during a job interview, leaning back in your chair can give the impression that you're lazy, unmotivated, or dispassionate about the position. Keep your head up and back straight. Lean forward when seated. By sitting toward the front of your chair and leaning forward slightly, you will look far more interested, engaged, and enthusiastic.

It's All Learnable

I once worked with a client preparing for a major presentation to his company's largest investors. His body language was a mess—eyes cast downward, hands awkwardly tucked in his pockets, swaying back and forth. This guy was a poster boy for poor body language. He seemed insecure and out of his league.

By showing him a videotape of what he looked like and working on eye contact, hand gestures, animation, posture and staying open, this executive went on to rock the house during his presentation. He made solid eye contact with everybody in the room, he pulled his hands out of his pockets and used purposeful, assertive hand gestures. His posture and stance exuded power, confidence, and competence—he had charisma.

So work on your body language. Pay as much attention to it as the words you use, and watch your influence soar!

Click here for a slide show of body-language dos and don'ts.

走.不走

總會有想Quit的時候,究竟走不走? Musical Chair季節即將開始...
******
Should I Stay or Should I Go?
Deciding whether to remain in a job or take a new one should be done with a minimum of emotion and a lot of analysis

by
Liz Ryan

www.businessweek.com

If you stopped 100 people on the street and asked each one: "Have you ever thought about quitting your job?" the odds are that 100 of them would say"Yes." It's almost inevitable, in today's stressful, never-stopping world of work, that each of us will at one time or another daydream about packing it in and saying "sayonara" to the job we're in.

That doesn't mean our jobs aren't great jobs that other people wouldn't envy, or aren't challenging assignments that will provide us with terrific development experiences and fair compensation and all sorts of other things. It just means we're human. From time to time, we can't help but wonder: "Is there something better for me out there?"

In more than 20 years of practicing HR in the white-collar workplace, I've noticed that people typically fall into one of three groups where their relationships with their jobs are concerned. The first group might be called Rabbits: They're the ones who are scared to leave.

A Seller's Market

These people can put up with anything, whether it's a third consecutive weekend of solid Saturday and Sunday work, or a public tongue-lashing from the boss that makes everyone within earshot cringe. They may hate their job—it's hard to imagine how someone could like the kind of treatment they withstand—but they'll never leave. They don't seem to have a worldview that includes them working happily under better conditions. They've got a job, and they're sticking with it. People can talk to them all day about better opportunities and even arrange interviews for them, but some invisible glue binds them to a job where they feel secure, even if the cost is daily criticism or a desk in the boiler room.

If you see yourself in this description, you might ask yourself: What am I clinging to?

You can certainly job-hunt while you're employed—people do it all the time. Is the fear of striking out for greener pastures great enough to make you wake up in the morning with your jaw aching from having ground your teeth all night? Your health is worth a lot, and that's not a philosophical statement, it's an economic one. Workplace commentators across the country are proclaiming 2007 a seller's market (and you, the employable person, are the seller). If you've got Rabbit tendencies, now is the time to shake them off and find a position that will boost your self-esteem, not destroy it.

Knowing When to Quit

The second group of people I've run into I call Searchers. They tend to be very excited upon taking a new position and trumpet to their friends: This place is the greatest! My boss is tremendous! The opportunity is amazing! Their expectations, in fact, may be way out of sync with reality. No job in the real world can live up to the hype. So, within six months or so, the Searchers get deflated. The honeymoon is over, and things aren't as picture-perfect as they seemed during those heady interviewing dinners and lunches. They get disappointed, and soon they're on the job hunt again.

Pragmatists make up the third category, and I hope this is where you fit. Pragmatists are people who look at their job situations realistically and likewise keep an eye open to possibilities across the street or down the block. When Pragmatists have a bad day and fantasize about quitting their job, they sleep on it. The next day, they ask themselves: Was yesterday just a bad day, or are there problems on the job that I really need to focus on?

If communication with their boss is a problem, they set to work on improving the interaction. If they've got miserable clients to support or the wrong equipment for the job, they jump into solving those root-cause issues rather than jump online and start searching Monster.com. After all, they've made an investment in the company and vice versa. Better to stay and see things improve than to leave a situation for one that may be just as messed up, or worse.

Make a Pro Vs. Con List

Still, Pragmatists know when to call it quits, and won't hesitate to start looking when their internal radar says: "Get out of Dodge." It might take six months or a year for the data points to pile up, leaving them with the conclusion that no amount of elbow grease or one-on-one team-building will solve the company's ills, and that the universe has other plans for them in any case. They don't rush to a judgment that it's time to quit, but they don't avoid taking that step when all signs point to it, either.

It sounds obvious, but I get letters all the time from people who have forgotten a fundamental truth: This is business. Keeping a job (vs. leaving the job) is a business decision, and you will make a better decision if you can put the emotional attachment aside. From a business perspective, is your bread best buttered at your current job or elsewhere? If you're on the fence, get out a piece of paper, draw a line down the center of it from top to bottom, and label one side "reasons to stay" and the other side "reasons to go."

Now, start listing the factors that matter to you. Easy commute—that's worth something. Amazing CEO—that's worth a lot. You decide on the relative weight of each factor. No one can tell you whether a great salary balances a 70-hour workweek or whether a company gym is more important than only having to travel once a year. That's your call.

As you add up the pluses and minuses, think about Rabbits and Searchers, and try to avoid being one or the other. Fear of change will hold you back, while a nervous tendency to jump ship whenever your boss frowns at you will hurt your résumé. You have to find the middle ground, so that when you do change jobs, you won't look back with regrets.



2007/02/21

快意享受B 級人生走出 A+成就迷思

Hi

Just find a meaningful article to share, especially during this special holiday..

regards


你想要過A級人生,事業有成薪水頂尖,卻犧牲掉其他全部人生,還是想過 B級人生,寧可降格賺次級收入,卻能享受精采人生?這取決於你如何衡量「人生投資報酬率」。

若是成績單上出現 B ,大部分人聯想到的,絕對不是「Better」,而是「Bad」。

B這個字母,長期以來被認為是「次等」的表現,每個人都奮力想達到A,甚至A+,彷彿若不能達到 A的成績,就是不夠努力與稱職。但人生凡事都追求A,一定能獲得滿足感嗎?

享受生命的充實感

最近「 B級人生」的話題,在日本引起不少討論。起因於經濟專家森永卓郎,把人生分成三級:A級人生是「有錢沒閒」; B 級人生的「錢少一點,但是有閒」,可算是「有錢有閒」。至於 C級人生則是經濟困窘,可能是「有閒沒錢」 (如失業者),也可能「沒錢沒閒」 ( 如底層勞動者)。

森永卓郎認為,B級人生是最有滿足感的生活。若每天工作10幾小時,犧牲家庭與休閒,不惜一切代價追求 A級人生,即使賺到A級財富,沒時間享受也是枉費。 B級雖然收入次一等,但還是能維持在一定生活水準之上,反而因為付出較少的代價,有時間去做自己想做的事,享受生命的充實感,所以整體生活絕不輸 A級。

因此,森永卓郎特別強調「 B is Beautiful」,認為「B is Bett er Than A 」。

精算人生投資報酬率

B級人生這種價值觀的出現,有其社會淵源。作家劉黎兒指出,日本經過長年經濟不景氣,原本「1億國民都是中產階級」的社會,已經不再回頭,轉成「 1%超級精英+ 99%平庸上班族」的結構,除了極少數 A +超級精英之外, 99%工作者的薪水都在遞減,再怎麼努力也是枉然。

在這種社會結構下,「一分耕耘、一分收穫」的正比例關係被打破,打拚不再保證出頭天,「努力必有回報」也成為一種欺瞞的說法。因此,許多日本上班族,開始思考「人生投資報酬率」的問題。當付出無法獲得回報,他們不想再無條件賣命給公司,寧可將更多時間用來享受家庭生活,或是經營個人興趣休閒。

B 級上班族雖不是高薪族,但還是有一定生活水準,也還買得起車子等用品。比起將人生全部送給公司的 A +超級精英,誰的人生比較划算,答案不言可喻。

贏了事業,輸了人生

有人用古瑪雅文化的活人獻祭,來形容追求A級人生的工作者。瑪雅皇宮貴族居住的中心地帶都有一個球場,凡是贏得球賽的人,就會被當作被神所選中的神聖的人,由祭司血祭給神;而贏家被砍頭祭給神明,被看成是件很光榮的事。超級精英不惜一切贏得 A級人生,就好像在瑪雅球賽最後贏得勝利的人,所換到的不過是過勞死。

根據統計,日本每年死於心臟病的 21萬人,至少有20%是肇因於過勞 ,其中多半是中壯年上班族。追求 A級人生本身沒錯,只是若只把人生當成是一場競技,就算贏得了勝利,卻輸掉了身體、輸掉家庭、也輸掉人生,這樣划算嗎?

事業高度Vs.生命廣度

但追求B級人生,是否太消極呢?

一位在媒體任職的劉小姐認為,B級人生重視「人生投資報酬率」,從追求工作表現的「高度」,轉為追求人生多采多姿的「廣度」,這是一種價值選擇的問題,與人生是否積極進取無關。

她以研究所成績為例,一般研究生表現普普大約有85分,稍微認真一點有 86分,一定要表現很亮眼才能拿到 90分。她自己每天不眠不休,念完所有原文papers才得到 89分,但其實只要稍微多花點心力念書,已經可以得到 86分。為了多得那3分,劉小姐捨棄了社團活動與假日休閒。「一學期 120天,每天多念 3小時書, 360小時只換來3分,想想真是划不來;若是拿360小時做其他有意義的事,人生想必更精采。」

劉小姐認為,不論是課業或工作,都適用80╱ 20 法則,亦即80%的成績,來自於20%的付出。假設你有 100小時,只要花 20小時做A工作,就能拿到 80分,剩下的80小時,你有兩種選擇:

1精益求精在 A工作下苦工,最後拿到滿分100分;

2去做BCDE四件工作,每件工作投注 20小時,各拿到 80分,最後總分是5×80= 400 分。

哪一種時間運用方式,投資報酬率較高,可帶給你更大的滿足感?這就是B級人生所要思考的問題。

從連續2年蟬聯年終獎金第一名的理財專員工作引退,寧可在銀行櫃台當一般行員的安小姐,就是選擇 B級人生的例子。

工作樂趣蕩然無存

大學畢業後,安小姐就在老字號的三商銀擔任臨櫃行員,辦理一般存款工作,5 年前銀行民營化,她在組織重整後,被調到貴賓理財部門。

剛轉換跑道時,她相當滿意理專 的生活,「可以說是虛榮吧!」安小姐說,這幾年理專儼然是當紅炸子雞,金控為訓練理專 「伺候」金字塔頂端客層,安排許多繽紛的課程,安小姐轉跑道第一年學到很多新鮮事,包括高爾夫、品酒品茗、藝術鑑賞、插花、命理星座等。課程的多采多姿,讓她學到許多人際應對技巧,而且第一年就考上多張證照,還幸運地拉到幾位「 VIP大戶」 (資產超過 300萬元),使她從工作中獲得不少成就感。

每想到,第一年的一帆風順後,銀行開始調高安小姐的績效指標。「公司把我的業務目標訂得『比山高比海深』,高不可攀的業績壓力,令我深感挫折,工作樂趣也蕩然無存。」安小姐說,當時每天加班到晚上 10點是常態,甚至周末假日也不得閒 。

「我不怕累,但我最怕客戶賠錢。如何在業績與顧客權益取得一個平衡點,令我飽受煎熬」安小姐說。

安小姐去年決心向公司遞出辭呈,但公司基於愛才,強力慰留她當銀行行員。

人生,要學習「減法」

揮別年薪百萬的工作,安小姐沒有後悔。她說,人生前半段的職涯規畫,是一種「加法選擇」,所以擔任理專時 ,她不斷尋求各種可能性,為自己的職涯資本增值,包括薪水、職位等等。現在她則把人生當成「減法選擇」。她說,減法管理其實非常簡單︰在人生諸多追求的目標中,如金錢、地位、家庭、愛情、享受生活等等,一項一項刪除不是最重要的東西,最終留下一兩項,就是自己的人生目標。

33歲的李勇毅過去一直是個眾人稱羨的電子新貴。擔任晶片設計研發工程師期間,李勇毅形容說,自己每天至少 12小時和電腦相親相愛,忙碌一天後,再也提不起力氣做任何事,下班就直接打道回府,頂多倒在沙發前看電視,洗個澡,睡個覺,又是另一天的開始。他表示,大部分工程師的生活乏善可陳,根本沒時間參加聯誼活動結識異性,所以 曠男怨女一堆。「工程師最大的座右銘就是努力工作、趕快賺錢、盡快退休。」

再見!電子新貴

剛開始李勇毅也是抱著這種看法,但3年前他找到人生摯愛的伴侶,婚後生活有了重心,他開始無法忍受一天工作12 小時的生活。

「4月結婚、 5月就決定考公職、7月如願考上高考第一志願電力工程,分發到民航局上班。」從電子新貴到小公務員,李勇毅的薪水足足縮水一半,但他毫不後悔。「以前我用時間換金錢,現在我用金錢買時間,把過去加班的時間,用來享受天倫之樂。

作家吳淡如說,「賺錢也賺到人生,才是最大幸福的人。」人生和金錢的關係有四種可能狀況:賺錢也賺到人生、不賺錢卻賺到人生、賺錢卻賠上人生、不賺錢也賠上人生。前兩者都是成功者,後兩者則為失敗者。賺錢也賺到人生,其實就是 B級人生的真義,擁有一定水準的金錢,做自己想做的事情,才是人生的贏家。

( 本文由《 Career職場情報誌》提供 )

2006/11/28

搵工跳槽...

想一想,這真的全是薪酬問題?

薪酬成為員工跳槽一大原因
wsj.com
Erin White
2006-11-13

很多經理人會這樣說﹐雇員離開公司是因為老板不好或者職業發展受限。但是一份最新調查顯示﹐還有一個更直接原因:錢。

一項針對約1,100名美國雇員的調查發現﹐71%表現最好的雇員表示﹐薪酬問題是他們決定離開公司的三大原因之一。然而在另一項對262家大型雇主的相關調查顯示﹐只有45%的雇主將薪酬列入員工離職的三大原因之一。雇主認為﹐升職以及職業發展機會是更加重要的原因。另一大原因──與上級的關係──被31%的雇主列作三大原因之一﹐而表現最好的雇員持相同觀點的比例僅為8%。

這些發現來自定於本週發佈、由人力資源咨詢公司華信惠悅顧問公司(Watson Wyatt Worldwide)以及人力資源協會WorldatWork編撰的一份報告。Harris Interactive幫助他們進行了對雇員的調查。這些調查結果還顯示﹐雇主低估了醫療保健福利在留住員工方面所起的作用。

調查顯示﹐雇主根本沒有完全理解其表現最好的雇員的需求。在勞動力市場日益回暖之際﹐這也使公司在降低人員流動率方面的努力一直收獲不大。“雇主可能陷入這樣一種錯覺中:雇員離開公司是為了離開現有的老板﹐或是為了獲得更好的發展機會﹐”華信惠悅戰略獎勵負責人勞拉•塞伊恩(Laura Sejen)說。“或許﹐我們對獎勵的基本構成要素──薪金──的想法有點不現實。”

華信惠悅之所以重點調查表現最好的員工﹐是因為雇主最看重是否能留住這部分員工。塞伊恩說﹐普通雇員的態度不會有太大的不同。她說﹐雇員們變得越來越關注薪酬高低﹐成為了公司出現人才流失問題的原因之一。華信惠悅稱﹐雇主已經連續第三年反映留住員工變得越來越困難。

根據美國勞工統計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數據﹐在美國全國範圍內﹐去年的年度員工辭職率是2001年以來最高的。10月份4.4%的失業率則是2001年5月以來最低的。

塞伊恩說﹐員工越來越關注薪酬並不令人奇怪﹐因為醫療福利和退休金福利都在削減。人力資源咨詢公司翰威特公司(Hewitt Associates)稱﹐預計明年每名員工平均要支付3,305美元的醫療保費和自付成本﹐比今年增長7.8%﹐比2002年的1,640美元增加了一倍多。與此同時﹐在接受翰威特調查的950家公司中﹐有61%在今年提供了定額年金給付計劃﹐低於2000年時的73%和1985年時的91%。另外﹐雇主近幾年來的平均加薪幅度都不高。塞伊恩稱﹐綜合考慮所有這些因素﹐員工越來越關心薪酬也就不足為奇了。

美國人力資源管理學會(Society for Human Resource Management)的人力資源主管黛博拉•克里(Deborah Keary)說﹐隨著就業市場的改善﹐薪酬會變得更加重要。她說﹐在經濟不景氣時﹐工人們的想法是:“我不在乎工資多少﹐只要能有工作就可以。”克里稱﹐薪酬是導致人員流動的因素﹐當然還有發展機會和其它問題。她說﹐公司不能忽視任何一個問題﹐不能認為僅僅是薪酬或僅僅是工作機會的問題。

部分職場專家對薪酬是否是最重要的因素提出了質疑。他們斷言﹐薪酬常常不是員工不滿的根源﹐儘管員工們口頭上可能會這樣說。管理人員職業規劃培訓師麥格•蒙特福德(Meg Montford)說﹐抱怨薪酬的員工常常還有更深層次的問題﹐如職業發展停滯不前、厭倦或感覺未得到重視﹐等等。她說﹐他們帶著“這是薪酬問題”的想法來找我﹐但通常這背後都還有其它原因。

部分雇主認同薪酬問題近年來已經變得更加重要﹐並正在採取措施解決薪酬問題。聖托馬斯大學(University of St. Thomas)薪酬及福利主管彼得•龍扎(Peter Ronza)說﹐我們預計其它人將來爭奪我們的人才﹐而我們需要留住他們。他稱﹐爭奪又開始了﹐該大學約有三分之二的員工為非教學人員和管理人員﹐他們將成為許多本地企業爭奪的對象。

為了留住人才﹐這所大學想方設法瞭解市場薪酬水平﹐確定薪酬水平過低的員工。龍扎說﹐聖托馬斯大學今年撥出了更多資金用於績效加薪﹐並增加了30%的預算﹐給低於市場水平或工資被忽視的人員加薪。他說﹐我們的確應該立即關注某些員工了。

為了獎勵表現好的員工﹐大學管理者指示經理今年給這些員工的加薪幅度要高於表現一般的員工。聖托馬斯大學也開始測試獎金計劃﹐並著眼於進一步擴大該計劃。

2006/11/27

學數,有前途!

學數,有前途!
學金融數,更有前途!
香港有冇Part-Time Degree/Master讀?

金融數學人才走俏華爾街
wsj.com
Ronald Alsop
2006年11月15日

就在幾年前﹐加州大學伯克利分校還難以招到攻讀金融工程學碩士課程的學員。華爾街的用人數量大幅減少﹐而許多招聘者仍對工商管理碩士畢業生情有獨鍾。

伯克利分校哈斯商學院金融工程學項目執行董事琳達•克莉茲曼(Linda Kreitzman)回憶說﹐這一項目的畢業生在華爾街公司的人力資源部門這一關就被卡下了。她說﹐在2001年推出這個項目後﹐她不得不直接去向華爾街公司的董事總經理們推銷自己的學生。

風水輪流轉﹐現在輪到各家銀行和對沖基金上門拜訪克莉茲曼並給她的畢業生開出六位數薪酬了。她說:“他們終於認識到﹐為了推出按揭和資產抵押證券以及信貸和股票衍生金融品等更加複雜的產品﹐他們需要在金融學、數學和電腦模型分析等方面有深厚功底的學生加盟。”今年秋天﹐尋找實習機會的58位金融工程學學生全都在花旗(Citigroup)、雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)和美林(Merrill Lynch)這樣的華爾街大公司找到了接收崗位。他們的實習項目包括信貸組合評估、人工智能交易模型以及結構性固定收益產品等。

雖然企業目前對工商管理碩士的需求量依然很大﹐但它們對其他專業的研究生也越來越感興趣﹐包括那些特殊商業領域的博士和碩士畢業生。例如﹐德意志銀行(Deutsche Bank)一段時間以來一直在歐洲招募金融專業的博士和碩士畢業生﹐它現在也開始在美國招募這類學生。

德意志銀行畢業生招募部門的全球負責人克里斯蒂娜•彼得斯(Kristina Peters)說:“我們在繼續尋找有很強定量分析能力的人。”有金融學碩士學位的人“在衍生金融產品定價等方面往往具備更多的金融應用知識。”

從奢侈品營銷到醫療保健管理﹐這類專才型碩士學位項目最近開始流行起來﹐而金融數學碩士學位尤其熱門。例如﹐卡內基•梅隆大學稱﹐去年申請攻讀其計算金融學碩士學位的增加了48%﹐今年又增加了21%。

招聘人士很快就將有更多在金融數學方面學有專長的畢業生可供選擇。加州大學洛杉磯分校、新澤西羅傑斯大學以及明尼蘇達大學等院校都新增了定量金融學碩士點。在麻省理工學院(MIT)的薩隆管理學院﹐一個專門面向MIT的工程學、數學及自然科學本科生招生的金融學碩士項目已經建立。薩隆管理學院副院長保羅•奧斯特曼(Paul Osterman)說:“對沖基金本來就在招募MIT的本科生﹐但如果這些學生能再學一年金融學﹐他們就更受對沖基金歡迎了。”

但商學院還不是推出這類教學項目最多的地方。許多大學的數學系以及一些工學院也設立了這類項目。以紐約的巴魯克學院為例﹐它的金融工程學項目就隸屬於數學系﹐而授課教師則是來自金融服務業的學者和教授。

金融數學項目某種程度上是架設在傳統型商學院畢業生和博士研究生之間的一座橋梁。紐約大學金融數學碩士項目副主任史蒂文•艾倫(Steven Allen)說:“華爾街公司過去常常為自己的定量分析部門招募博士畢業生﹐特別是擁有物理學博士學位的人。現在他們則青睞我們的畢業生﹐這些學生在金融學方面有更直接的訓練。”他指出﹐美國的金融學項目對印度、法國、中國和韓國等國定量分析方面最優秀的人才有著巨大吸引力。事實上﹐該校定量財務項目的學生有一多半都來自國外。

卡內基•梅隆大學是首先推出計算金融學碩士項目的院校﹐該項目的跨學科特點十分明顯。這個分別在紐約和匹茲堡授課的項目將四所學院結合在了一起﹐它們分別是卡內基•梅隆大學的數學和統計學院、海因茨公共政策和管理學院以及特普爾商學院﹐普爾商學院負責具體管理這一項目。該項目開設隨機微積分、期權和資產定價、概率和金融風險管理等課程。

卡內基•梅隆大學這一項目的獨特之處還在於﹐工商管理碩士學位畢業生只需再學一個學期的課程就能獲得這一計算金融學碩士學位。特普爾商學院的院長肯尼斯•杜恩(Kenneth Dunn)說:“我們的工商管理碩士畢業生開始嫉妒這些雙學位畢業生了﹐因為招聘人員都想先面試後者。”

明年8月份將獲得上述兩個學位的喬希•弗瑞蘭(Josh Freeland)已經從他的實習單位摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)獲得了一個全職職位。他是在波士頓一家投資公司工作時決定攻讀這一雙學位項目的﹐當時他對定價模式幾乎一無所知。弗瑞蘭說﹐他需要相關知識以瞭解這些模式是如何運作的﹐但他同時也需要學習企業財務、溝通和戰略技巧等工商管理碩士學位的課程。

甚至一些已經獲得工商管理碩士學位和博士學位的人也返回學校攻讀金融學碩士學位。馬休•奧哈拉(Matthew O'Hara)已經在加州大學伯克利分校獲得了機械工程學博士學位﹐並在硅谷找到了一份研究和設計工程師的工作。但他還是決定回到自己的母校學習定量分析課程並重點學習金融學。

奧哈拉說:“擁有博士學位你肯定能去華爾街就業﹐但金融工程學學位讓我更受歡迎了。”他目前擔任Barclays Global Investors駐舊金山信貸證券化研究部門負責人。

2006/11/26

打工秘笈 .表現自己

默默耕耘才是好員工?不提高自己的透明度-蝕底的是你自己!

峰壽司vs.打工秘笈
尹思哲
2006年11月23日
蘋果日報

思哲下班最愛約朋友吃晚飯,今次來到人多擠迫的彌敦道鬧市,天啊!峰壽司竟然剛在這裡開了分店,不用排隊,好極。

食物新鮮、款式多、服務佳,這些都是峰壽司吸引之處,但其實除了峰壽司外,絕大多數壽司店都會情有獨鍾設有吧台,無他,這些半開放設計透明度高,讓顧客直接看見整個食物製作過程,衞生有保證。還有一點,像峰壽司這類有日籍師傅主理的店舖,更會刻意安排日籍師傅站在最近門口的吧台,索性當鎮店「生招牌」。

峰壽司以上安排,目的只有一個,就是讓顧客食得放心,覺得用大眾化價錢,就可以享用由日籍師傅主理的食物,物超所值。事實上,這些連壽司店也會的簡單增值伎倆,一般打工仔其實亦可借鏡。

如何借鏡?經常聽見一些上班族埋怨:「我只識默默耕耘,少說多做,唔似阿邊個邊個咁,識得係高層面前表演,所以冇運行咯。」這些人「不屑」在上司面前表現自己,更「鄙視」懂得在上司面前表現的同事,在他們口中,彷彿工作好好表現自己就是罪過,全世界也要學他一樣「默默耕耘」才對。思哲認為,抱有這種心態的打工仔,其實是因為技不如人,結果隨意找個藉口,讓自己好過點而已。

打工仔是否不應該刻意表現自己?是否凡事默默耕耘才是好員工?以峰壽司為例,一間能提供高水準食物的壽司店,尚且要刻意以半開放式吧台經營,提高透明度,讓顧客看見整個製作過程,食得放心;打工又何嘗不一樣?你終日埋首努力工作,既然有信心幹出成績,為何不可以來個提高「透明度」,將得來不易的艱辛工作過程,同樣也讓上司知道呢?

放心,在上司眼中,只做不說的其實也不過是庸才而已,重要的是你能夠交出成績來,就算讓他知道整個艱辛過程,其實一點也不過份。要知道,你不可以假設上司對每事都明察秋毫,洞悉每位員工任何時刻在做甚麼?如何應付過甚麼困難?付出過幾多汗水?上司就好比壽司店的顧客,他最終只會關心放在面前食物的質素,背後的艱辛過程,他其實未必會知道,或者根本無興趣知道。

壽司店亦一樣,表面上,未必每位顧客也有興趣知道食物的製作過程,但顧客心底裡其實是「知道都無妨」。壽司店聰明,只會選擇性讓顧客看見無傷大雅的製作過程(例如簡單的刺身或壽司製作等),其他繁複的天婦羅嘛,為免大油大煙趕客,當然只會交回內部廚房處理。打工其實亦一樣,讓上司知道你對大Project付出的艱辛過程,沒問題,他就算表面上不屑一顧,但終究心態其實亦是「知道都無妨」,但你就切忌連芝麻綠豆事也高調一番,否則只會弄巧反拙給他留下壞印象。

2006/11/12

見工時應該問/可以問的問題

以下是一些有用貼士:


Ask the Right Question
Businessweek.com
Liz Ryan

Job seekers' questions typically fall into one of three categories. To impress and learn about an employer, it's important to know the protocol for each

Savvy job seekers have learned that it's important to show up at a job interview armed with smart, pithy questions. A few years ago, it was perfectly fine to ask, "Who are your company's competitors?" But these days, employers expect you to know the answer to that―and a dozen other company-specific questions.

The first thing to know about job-interview questions is that there is more than one kind. In my experience, job seekers' questions fall into one of three categories, and it's good to know the difference―and the protocol for each.

This Is Your Brain in an Interview

The first type is the one most job seekers are familiar with. I call them the "Here's My Brain Working" type. These are questions based on your research into the company and informed by your insightful brain. You may be interested in the answer, but at its core, this question shows an employer what a sharp and clever fellow (that's a unisex term) you are. An example of a Here's My Brain Working question: "What effect do you think the Seagate acquisition of Maxtor will have on your firm's storage business?"

You have to go to an interview with three to five of these questions ready. If you're thwarted―that is, if the interviewer steals your thunder by addressing one of your topics before you have a chance to ask the question―you need to have a backup question to insert in its place.

But Here's My Brain Working questions probably won't get you through the entire interview process. You must have two other kinds of questions in your quiver.

Take Your Turn

The second type is designed to help you evaluate the employer. In your zeal to impress an interviewer, it's easy to forget that half the purpose of the interview series is to help you learn as much as possible about the job and the management team to decide whether you'll take the job if it's offered.

So make sure you have a couple of questions that you've composed in a quiet moment before the interview. These should be questions for which you'd kick yourself after the interview if you didn't get answers. And write down these questions―and the answers you get.

These Type Two questions, hereafter known as "My Turn" questions, are critical. You'll get a more detailed and solid answer while looking an interviewer in the eye than you'd ever get on the phone or in an e-mail afterward. Ask: What became of the last person in this job? Who is my prospective boss's boss (name and title), and what has been his or her career path? How much, and what sorts of, travel does the job require? And so on.

Now, you'll immediately notice that the second type of question, the My Turn variety, has a bit more cheek to it. You don't want to pepper an interview with a long string of "I need to know!" type questions. That's why you must decide, from your list of questions, which ones are Here's My Brain Working questions intended to impress (and ingratiate yourself to) an employer, and which are questions purely to satisfy your curiosity and, indeed, to give the employer the chance to impress you.

So mix 'em up. Come armed with a few of each type of question, and ask more Here's My Brain Working questions early in the process and more My Turn questions later on, as you've (presumably) gained some juice. But there's still one more flavor of question to know about.

Now What?

The third type, of which you get just one per conversation (or physical visit to the employer site) is a question about the interview process itself. I call these "What Happens Now?" questions. Early on, it's perfectly appropriate to inquire what the next steps will be, but you don't want to a) appear too anxious or b) appear too presumptuous as you do so. So one forthright question like "Assuming you'd like me to continue in the interviewing process, what would the next step be?" is allowed per job seeker-employer interaction.

Bear in mind that in addition to one confidently asked What Happens Now? question during each interview, you are allowed one subsequent phone call. So make your one question count! But you can see how your list of questions should be based on Here's My Brain Working queries, salted with My Turn questions, and topped off with one solid What Happens Now? question.

Each flavor has its place, and its proper proportion. For instance, too many My Turn questions early on pegs you as self-centered; too few shows a lack of business maturity. An overdose of Here's My Brain Working questions signals "sycophant," while too little shows that you haven't done your research, or don't know how to integrate what you're hearing today with what you learned earlier on. The fun is mixing these questions together toward the perfect recipe. Food for thought!

2006/11/09

It's a Gray Area! It's a Gray Area?

做了近十年Compliance,看到這article實在有大快人心的感覺!下次再有人同我講It's a gray area,我可知怎回應了!

Ethics in Finance: It's a Gray Area
Financial Engineering News (www.fenews.com
)

I was talking with my 11-year-old son about his experience earlier that day with the state standardized exam. He had endured the grueling, three-and-one-half hour creative writing portion of a statewide test that determines everything from student placement in advanced classes to, eventually, graduation. He explained that he had written for a bit more than 2.5 hours, checked his essay and decided he was done. "But I wrote seven pages," he added. Curious as to whether he was the norm, an outlier or just bored with the whole process, I asked, "Well, how much did the other kids write?" His eyes flashed as he responded, without missing a beat, "Mom, how would I know? I'm not allowed to look at their papers!"

The lad had a lesson for his ethics professor mother. This interaction provides a bit of a parable about how our sophistication often blurs those distinct lines between right and wrong. In his mind, and under the excellent tutelage of strong teachers, he had drawn a definitive line: You do not look at other students' papers, desks, work or beings for any reason during testing. My son has developed a smart and sensible approach to staying out of trouble. In my adult and sophisticated world, I had already developed an exception to this standardized testing moral absolute: It is perfectly fine to look at others' papers just to see if you are in the ballpark on length of response. My son took the high road. He labors in black and white. I had created a world of gray.

So it is in business, particularly in financial reporting. Knowing how long the other students' papers are has no impact on your grade, unless of course you gauge from the peek that you are an underperformer and return to writing to make up for that length deficiency. We find ourselves dabbling in what has become known as "a gray area." In fact, "It's a gray area" has become the standard resolution for many ethical dilemmas. We discuss the issue, conclude that it is a "gray area," and are then prepared to move forward. So long as we are in a gray area, we are legal, ethical and done with the issue.

Would that ethical analysis were that simple: "Find a gray area and stay within it," could be our motto. The problem with the gray area begins with its existence. The gray area is an existential one. We like to believe that it exists, much is written about it and we find it mysterious and alluring. However, there truly are very few gray areas. Narrowing the field and exploring this notion of grayness is a critical part of any financial issue, decision or disclosure. Herewith, some safety tips on those "gray areas."

Explore Your Intent: Why Are You Making It Gray?

At the Senate hearings conducted by the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations into the collapse of Enron, Exhibit 1 was a chart entitled "Red Flags Known to Enron's Board." The chart described several events that demonstrate the prevalence of the gray mentality at the company and also with its outside auditor. Those shades of gray would eventually lead to crossing the line into illegality. One of those events is quintessential gray. In February 1999, Andersen partner David Duncan told the audit committee of the Enron board that Enron's accounting practices tended to "push limits" and were "at the edge" of GAAP. Not illegal, not technically in violation of GAAP, but as close to the edge as possible: gray.

Why did Mr. Duncan present them as gray? Because Enron was a $50 million per year client for Andersen and a substantial portion of the Houston office revenues. For the audit committee and board, pulling back on that aggressive, gray accounting would have had a substantial impact on Enron's reported earnings and a resulting impact on its share price. Given that board compensation came in the form of company stock, there was some self-interest in the decision.

Therein lies the key to many a gray area. Before reaching your conclusion on "it's a gray area," examine the self-interest in reaching that conclusion. Why is it important to you that the area remain gray? On the CIO.com website, one executive offered this revealing look at his intent in what he viewed as a "gray" situation:

"I was tasked with setting up a data center in China, in order to get equipment into the country I was being asked by local officials to pay a service charge, which I knew was another name for a bribe. My management expected this equipment to be delivered and the data center built. If I had gone to the CEO, his answer would have been to get the job done. If I had gone to our Legal Department they would have told me that it was illegal. If I had gone to HR they would have discussed the ethics. I got the job done."

He knows the answer – that he is paying a bribe, but through the self-promotional rationalization of performance completed, he made it gray in his mind. Asking the introspective question on a "gray matter" often brings moral clarity and a brighter line than we have been seeing because of our personal desire and benefits for the gray conclusion.

Think More Deeply about the Business Interests and Less about Gray

Dabbling in gray areas is rarely in the best interest of a business. The Institute for Global Ethics has a hypothetical that is often presented as an example of a "gray area." The VP of sales is not fudging, but smoothing, the company sales numbers. As his efforts are described, this company veteran has been smoothing out the peaks and valleys of the quarterly sales numbers so as not to throw the sales force off with these interim measures. Another officer has become aware of the smoothing and is in a quandary about what to do. This smoothing is, after all, immaterial in an accounting sense. Many experts and practitioners respond to the dilemma with the classic line, "It's a gray area."

As I admonish my students in a discussion of a hypothetical such as this one (that I fear occurs far too frequently), forget about any ethical issues for the moment and discuss the business issues here. Eventually, the students come around to the realization that by not disclosing what has been going on with the VP's smoothing, they are flying in the face of every sound principle of business management that they have learned in every other course. How can they make good decisions without accurate data? Most particularly, how can you know what is happening in markets and with sales if you do not have accurate quarterly sales figures? Isn't it better to zero in on problems as they evolve than wait and hope that they turn around? How can you set a proper strategic course in product lines, marketing and finance if you do not know what market issues exist?

In nearly all "gray area" dilemmas, there are compelling business interests that we fail to explore in our haste to rationalize the decision. Going back to the bribe example, the issue is not whether the payment is or is not (technically or however) a bribe. One issue is how are you going to be able to continue doing business in a country with this culture of corruption? Another issue is how payment presently will affect the cost of doing business and crossing government hurdles in the future. Gray conclusions offer expedient solutions that mask or create long-term business crises.

Gray and Slippage

I never permit my students to offer only the facile analysis, "It's a slippery slope." I place that limit on their contributions because I want them to think more deeply, as I have cautioned, about the business issues and their intent before concluding so easily. I also realize that "It's a slippery slope" may not be as effective in an organization that will often swear it can stop at any time. However, the students are correct that continual dabbling in gray does create slippage. I am reminded of a great excerpt from a Harlan Coben novel, No Second Chance,

"You slip-slide into evil, he thought. You cross the line for just one moment. You cross back. You feel safe . . . The line is still intact. Okay, maybe there's a smudge . . . And the next time you cross, maybe that line smudges a little more. . . , you remember where it is. Don't you?"

You look at the others' papers for length, and then you are glancing for how they are organized. Then you are checking to see if they double-spaced. Before you know it, you are picking up pieces of content. And how did they spell "neighbor?" There is this gradual devolution that is so typical of financial fraud. We ease ourselves into larger missteps by getting comfortable with smaller ones that seem harmless, particularly at the time. When Enron's board waived its own code of ethics prohibition to allow Andrew Fastow to be a part-owner in one of the entities doing business with Enron, it seemed like a small and one-time exception. That rule would go on to be waived thousands of times as an empire of off-the-book entities was built. When Scott Sullivan first proposed capitalizing WorldCom's wire expense, several staff accountants balked at the questionable accounting practice. He assured them it was a one-time exception. Some $11 billion later, the staff accountants who balked have been sentenced and Mr. Sullivan is doing five years.

Gray Creates Organizational Confusion

My young son's teachers have shown great wisdom and knowledge of organizational behavior with their moral absolute on looking at others' papers. When managing a diverse culture of personalities, job functions, backgrounds and experience, the greater clarity that can be offered with rules, the easier the task of honoring and enforcing them. Exceptions to rules made by an organization create confusion and a rumor mill. The exception may indeed be well grounded in reason and facts. The difficulty lies in making sure that the full factual scenario makes its way around as part of the scuttlebutt for the exception. Staying as close to absolutes as possible in an organization provides the assurance that the rules will have meaning, will be honored and will not suffer from gray danger. The simplicity of an absolute makes it easier to understand the rule and infinitely easier to follow.

In our sophistication and over-analysis of ethical issues, we seek the comfort of gray. However, for the sake of the business, the organization and moral clarity, dig more deeply on the gray to find the bright line that has been masked, just temporarily so.

2006/09/15

錢不是第一位的﹖員工是否很開心﹖

第一條是問你自己的!第二條問你老闆的!


錢不是第一位的﹖
by Teresa Rivas
wsj.com
2006-09-14

有人說﹐錢並不是一切。對許多求職者來說﹐的確如此。雖然大多數求職者對工作報酬很關心﹐這一點也很合乎人的本性﹐但在他們的訴求中﹐錢並不總是排在第一位的。就業者“最看重的要素”不僅在他從事某份工作期間會發生變化﹐在其整個職業生涯中也不斷改變著。

密歇根州職場諮詢公司Plante & Moran LLP的心理諮詢師史蒂夫•格萊文坎普(Steve Gravenkemper)說﹐當那些處於職業生涯早期階段(35歲以下)的就業者和40來歲的就業者在獲得一定工作技能並開始選擇今後長期生活的地方時 ﹐他們經常會考慮其他一些因素﹐也正是在這種情況下﹐許多公司會失去一些他們已投入了相當時間和培訓資源的雇員。

諮詢公司埃森哲(Accenture Ltd.)最近在六大洲21個國家所作的調查顯示﹐求職者在選擇職位時希望受雇公司擁有的特質中﹐工作內容有趣且具有挑戰性被排在第一位。獎勵和薪酬緊隨其後排在第二﹐提升機會位列第三。排在第四位的是公司的發展前景。在調查給出的15個選項中﹐企業的社會責任感和職場的文化多元性被排在最後兩項。

埃森哲招聘部門的全球主管約翰•坎帕尼諾(John Campagnino)說﹐人們有兩大基本需求﹕一是薪酬﹐一是挑戰。但當你向雇員提供了這些之後﹐他們就會進一步考慮其他因素﹐比如﹐自己是否是在為一家有責任感的企業工作﹐公司是否鼓勵團隊精神等等。他說﹐企業需要向雇員提供一整套儘可能多包涵上述特質的東西。他們最看重的東西隨著時間流逝會發生變化。

在度過初期階段之後﹐就業者的選擇會因為所承擔責任逐漸增多而變得越來越複雜。這些責任不僅來自婚姻或子女﹐還包括他們花在提高工作技能上的時間、他們選擇生活居住的地方﹐以及退休福利等其他長期目標。

格萊文坎普說﹐有些地方有點自相矛盾。在職業生涯的中段﹐人們或許會意識到職業安全感對他們是多麼重要﹐儘管所謂安全感不過是一種幻想。過去人們進入一家公司後會想......如果工作出色﹐他們就能一輩子呆在這家公司裡。現在沒有這種把握了。現在人們想知道的是“這裡有什麼適合我的東西﹖”

他還說﹐“我曾有一家客戶﹐那家公司有一批質素很高的員工﹐有位員工說﹕真高興能認識你﹐我以前從沒意識到自己有這麼大潛力。而離開公司的正是那些表現最出色的員工﹐因為他們能作出的選擇最多。”

為學生提供終生職業諮詢服務的斯坦福大學就業服務機構主任助理比佛利•普林斯帕(Beverly Principal)說﹐許多學生在畢業後繼續求助於職業服務的原因是他們不同的人生階段會有不同的求職需求。

她說﹐她經常見到許多以前的學生希望能完成從職業生涯初級階段進入下一階段﹐或者希望自己創業。她說﹐在人們開始職業生涯5、6年之後﹐他們會建立家庭﹐這時他們想要的東西會與以前完全不同。他們需要外界幫助他們構思如何實現轉變。

賓夕法尼亞州里海大學有兩位職員專職從事幫助校友的工作。擔任職業服務機構主任的多娜•高德菲爾德(Donna Goldfeder)說﹐在經濟形勢好的時候﹐人們會考慮作出比較劇烈的變化。相反﹐經濟形勢比較糟糕或局勢比較恐慌的時候﹐人們對作大幅度的轉變比較謹慎。

她又說﹐企業應該能留住他們已做了很大投入的員工。上司應該對下屬充分表現出賞識﹐該表揚時就不吝贊美。這實際上還是有關人們相互之間溝通的問題。作為上司應該問問自己﹕員工是否很開心?

2006/09/12

下次見工,唔好再講‧‧‧

下次見工,唔好再講‧‧‧我相我係到可以學到好多嘢!

冇人會俾錢一個三十幾歲的人學嘢!

杜 絕 幻 想
李 碧 華
蘋 果 日 報
2006-09-10

收 到 A 的 電 郵 , 告 知 一 段 經 歷 。
他 是 現 役 警 員 。 去 年 一 月 , 剛 從 警 察 訓 練 學 校 畢 業 , 至 警 區 拜 會 各 部 門 長 官 。 新 人 循 例 客 套 回 應 : 「 未 來 幾 年 跟 同 事 好 好 學 習 … … 」 有 點 兒 假 。
後 來 面 見 某 高 官 , 她 皺 起 眉 頭 道 : 「 計 劃 自 己 事 業 , 不 可 以 這 麼 隨 便 , 什 麼 『 這 幾 年 跟 同 事 好 好 學 習 』 。 你 有 大 學 學 位 , 更 不 應 該 浪 費 時 間 , 三 年 後 你 已 經 三 十 歲 了 ,我 卻 早 在 二 十 歲 已 經做 了 幫 辦 。 我 是 你 的 話 會 告 訴 自 己 , 三 十 歲 前 一 定 要 考 上 督 察, 考 不 到 就 辭 工 , 反正 三 十 歲 以 後 人 家 不 會 怎 麼 給 你 機 會 的 了 。 」

這 番 話 當 然 有 點 寸 , 但 卻 杜 絕 幻 想 , 不 會 耍 官 腔 虛 應 。 所 以 A 每 遇 混 沌 迷 惘 , 都 珍 重 訓 語 , 視 為 原 動 力 。

把 這 番 話 與 大 家 分 享 , 也 許 你 不 在 意 ─ ─ 現實 是 , 黃 金 歲 月 有 限 , 有 人 栽 培 , 必 要 銘 記 於 心 , 念 舊 感 恩 。 但 更 多 時 , 不 見 得 遇上 機 會 、 貴 人 、 好 運 。 最 可 靠 最 不 辜 負 你 的 , 是 真 材 實 料 , 以 「 努 力 」 換 取 。 而 每一 年 都 有 更 努 力 的 新 人 爭 一 席 位 , 應 附 加「 危 機 感 」 。

2006/09/10

小朋友錢容易賺‧Lego商機

家長不吝嗇給錢叫小朋友學這學那,琴棋書畫樣樣要曉,但我總覺得市面為小朋友提供的電腦科學訓練不多,Lego Mindstorms 應是一個商機!

兄弟,有冇得諗?

Brainier Robots, Brainier Kids?
LEGO's robot kit could help spark an early interest in science
Business Week
28 August 2006

When I was a kid, a favorite pastime was building things with my Erector set. In the 1980s my own kids satisfied the urge to build and tinker by programming Apple (AAPL ) II computers. Sadly, both mechanical construction sets and computers that kids can program have all but disappeared. But now LEGO Mindstorms offers a worthy, if expensive, replacement.

LEGO Mindstorms NXT ($250) is a significant improvement on the original 1998 Mindstorms Robotics Invention System, and like its predecessor is a collaboration between the Danish toymaker and the MIT Media Lab. A more powerful computer brain lets the new robots run longer, more complex programs that incorporate inputs from up to four sensors. And using the rods and beams of LEGO Technic construction kits instead of the LEGO bricks of the original makes for more interesting designs. You hook the small, programmable computer, the NXT controller, up to sensors that can detect light, sound, touch, and, through ultrasound, the presence of nearby objects. The NXT uses those sensors to control up to three servo motors, whose output shafts can rotate in precise 45-degree increments.

Sounds simple enough. But building robots requires manual dexterity and patience, a trait few children possess in abundance. Creating the suggested first project, a robotic vehicle that demonstrates all of the sensors, took me a good deal longer than the promised 30 minutes, even after I had sorted the myriad fiddly bits into plastic containers. LEGO recommends the kit for children as young as eight, but I suspect those younger than 12 will require a fair amount of adult help in assembling the models.

WHILE YOUNGER CHILDREN may find the actual construction somewhat frustrating, I imagine people of all ages will be fascinated by programming and running the robots. Though the instructions can be entered on the NXT box, it's clumsy -- the screen is small and dim and has no mouse or keyboard -- and not really suitable for anything but very simple maneuvers. Nearly everyone will choose, instead, to install accompanying software on a PC or a Mac. You can then create programs and download them to the NXT using a USB cable (which LEGO supplies) or Bluetooth wireless.

Once you have built your robot, you write programs by arranging icons on a computer display. To create motion you select a motor-control symbol and choose the settings: which motor or motors should turn on, if they should run forward or backward, and for how long. To get the sensors on the robot working, you drag in the appropriate sensor icon, then set the sensitivity level and the action to be taken when it is triggered. With two motion icons and one touch-sensor icon, for example, you could program a robot to move forward until it hits something, then move backward for five seconds. Of course, more complex behaviors can be created, and much of the fun comes with tweaking the programs just to see what happens.

With the original Robotics Invention System, LEGO was surprised when many early users turned out to be adults, especially engineers buying kits for themselves. This time they're prepared, offering advanced programmers a software development kit for more sophisticated work.

I don't know if Mindstorms NXT can provide a badly needed boost to American students' flagging interest in computer science, but there is an effort to make that happen. Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Academy provides Mindstorms-based curriculum resources to middle schools and high schools and sponsors robotic competitions. There's no proof that giving kids hands-on experience in building and programming contributes to interest in engineering and science, but I can't help but believe it does. Today's leading high-tech toys are video games, which mostly give children vicarious training in handling automatic weapons. LEGO Mindstorms NXT could be a helpful antidote.

2006/09/03

總經理的權力


也是從肥佬黎的學習做個快樂人中看到的:當肥佬黎在一九七一年,以不足廿三歲之齡當上德安織造廠總經理...

我知道要以耐性、毅力和謙卑,磨累那些不服氣的人,令他們覺得無聊,不好意思玩下去,那我才真正可以做經理。


下屬少受騷擾、有自主空間發揮才能,令他們更有成功感﹔我自己有空間更集中、更深入了解問題,更易看出癥結所在,找出解決方法。


我體會到要以耐性、毅力和謙卑服人,權力才會有效﹔否則手下不服氣、陽奉陰違只會帶來反效果!

2006/09/02

一份好工‧二

8月26日信報投資者日記提到英國Felix Dennis所寫的《How to get Rich》:

原來發達背後係努力工作,並冇幸運呢回事;何謂幸運,就係D事前做足準備者,遇上機會就係幸運!其次係唔怕失敗,如你怕失敗,永遠唔會發達,因為將自己想法付諸實行時必遇阻力,一遇阻力便退縮,何來成功?成功就係不斷克服阻力後成果!努力控制開支、增加收入,唔好炫耀財富,炫耀係冇價值。例如飛機及遊艇最好不要擁有。但要擁有自信,因為冇自信人永遠唔會成功!

做老闆較打工容易發達,請有才能人幫你去賺錢,有時並唔須用太多錢去請有才能人,通常佢地不大計較蚊年,反而要禮貌、讚賞及公平對待,尊重佢地、欣賞佢地才能,公平對待佢地,佢地便會好努力咁為你賺錢。

我相信我是一個有才能的人!

2006/08/30

搵食艱難...

搵食艱難...

IT 冇得撈la
左丁山
蘋果日報
2006-08-27

電 腦 J 約 幾 位 昔 日 同 事 食 飯 , 叫 埋 左 丁 山 出 席 。 電 腦 J 呢 排 成 日 到 東 莞 公 幹 , 為 一 工 廠 做 IT 顧 問 , 適 逢 東 莞 空 氣 係 整 個 珠 三 角 區 內 污 染 最 嚴 重 , 老 友 披 圖 梁 上 網 睇 到 資 料 , 呼 籲 一 眾 老 友 唔 好 上 東 莞 , 以 免 健 康 受 損 , 患 呼 吸 系 統 毛 病 者 , 特 別 要 謹 慎 。 不 過 電 腦 J 為 賺 錢 , 唔 去 唔 得 。 冇 法 啦 , 好 幾 位 客 戶 都 在 東 莞 設 廠 , 香 港 IT 人 已 經 紛 紛 北 上 搵 工 , 搵 機 會 , 留 響 中 環 , 仲 敢 嫌 東 莞 空 氣 污 染 , 唔 上 去 開 工 ?

電 腦 J 從 行 內 人 士 聽 聞 , 中 文 報 紙 搜 尋 公 司 Wiser ( 慧 訊 ) 開 國 功 臣 Ringo Lam 已 經 辭 職 , 另 起 爐 灶 , 搵 到 一 基 金 與 譚 偉 豪 支 持 , 到 北 京 開 公 司 , 其 商 業 模 式 與 YouTube 大 致 相 同 。 YouTube 兩 位 創 辦 人 Chad Hurley 與 Steve Chen 只 有 二 十 幾 歲 , 最 近 紐 約 出 席 一 個 廣 告 商 會 議 , 行 內 人 士 蜂 擁 而 至 , 爭 相 會 見 呢 兩 位 最 新 網 上 英 雄 。 Ringo 如 果 在 北 京 ( 點 解 唔 在 香 港 創 業 ? ) 打 開 局 面 , 怕 者 都 會 成 為 中 華 英 雄 。

北 上 乃 IT 人 大 趨 勢 , 內 地 人 多 、 薪 金 低 , 佔 盡 研 究 開 發 ( R&D ) 優 勢 , 正 如 美 國 大 公 司 將 軟 件 開 發 外 判 畀 印 度 公 司 一 樣 。 最 近 美 國 大 公 司 Motorola , 將 香 港 廠 房 基 地 結 束 , 以 後 將 中 國 及 亞 洲 製 造 、 設 計 、 開 發 業 務 集 中 於 天 津 、 上 海 、 北 京 , 香 港 只 剩 番 營 銷 , 賣 手 機 業 務 。 大 埔 工 業 「 武 得 勞 喇 」 工 廠 曾 經 係 該 公 司 模 範 工 廠 , 設 計 出 Dragon Ball 晶 片 , 威 盡 一 時 。 不 過 今 年 冇 晒 咯 , 員 工 冇 得 撈 ! 最 近 貿 發 局 主 席 吳 光 正 話 香 港 搞 hi-tech 有 可 為 , 實 不 知 何 所 見 而 云 然 , 佢 老 人 家 見 到 乜 好 條 件 而 我 睇 唔 到 呀 ?

小 L 自 中 大 資 訊 工 程 系 畢 業 後 就 加 入 Motorola 做 成 十 幾 年 , 成 為 中 產 , 都 唔 知 幾 爽 , 突 然 間 變 成 冇 得 撈 , 加 入 失 業 大 軍 , 一 時 之 間 唔 知 邊 度 有 人 請 。 不 如 請 小 L 去 同 吳 光 正 講 , TDC 會 唔 會 搞 晶 片 開 發 ?

一份好工


剛看完肥佬黎的學習做個快樂人,以下幾句印象深刻﹕

每個人都想有一份好的職業,但什麼才是好?每個人的需要和喜好都不同。

其實什麼的工作才讓你充分發揮,做到最好,才是最重要!

讓你做到最好的工作,也讓你激情投入,忘記別的選擇。若你和你的工作是天生一對、天作之合,令你心無旁騖地專注,那麽不管你做的是什麼工作都一定會成功。既然成功,工作是什麽又有何相干?